When spring and summer roll around, humans aren’t the only ones affected by sneezing, itching, and watery eyes — dogs can suffer from seasonal allergies too. These allergies, known medically as canine atopic dermatitis, can cause serious discomfort and affect your dog’s quality of life if left unmanaged.
Understanding the signs, causes, and treatments of seasonal allergies is key to helping your furry friend stay comfortable and healthy year-round.
Seasonal allergies in dogs occur when their immune system overreacts to environmental allergens like pollen, mold spores, grasses, and dust mites that are more prevalent during certain times of the year.
These allergens can be inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin, leading to symptoms ranging from mild itching to chronic infections and skin lesions.
- Pollen (from trees, grasses, and weeds)
- Mold spores
- Dust mites
- Fungal spores
- Dander
- Insect bites (especially flea saliva)
These allergens typically rise during spring, summer, and early fall, though some dogs may be sensitive year-round depending on the environment.
- Labrador Retrievers
- Golden Retrievers
- Bulldogs
- German Shepherds
- Pugs
- West Highland White Terriers
- Boxers
- Shih Tzus
These breeds may show symptoms earlier and with greater intensity than others.
- Excessive scratching, licking, or biting (especially feet, ears, belly, or groin)
- Red, inflamed skin
- Recurring ear infections
- Hot spots (localized skin infections)
- Hair loss
- Runny eyes or nose
- Sneezing or coughing (less common)
- Chewing on paws
- Scooting or rubbing face on the ground
Symptoms may become worse after outdoor walks or playtime and tend to be seasonal and recurring each year.
- Physical Examination – Your vet will look at your dog’s skin, coat, ears, and eyes.
- Medical History – Understanding when symptoms started and how they change over time helps identify seasonal patterns.
- Skin Scrapings or Cytology – To rule out other causes like mites or infections.
- Allergy Testing – Intradermal testing or blood tests can help identify specific allergens.
Your vet may also try an elimination process to rule out food allergies, which can have similar symptoms.
- Minimize Allergen Exposure
- Wipe your dog’s paws and coat with a damp cloth after walks.
- Bathe them regularly with hypoallergenic or medicated shampoos.
- Use air purifiers indoors.
- Keep your home clean and dust-free.
- Wash dog beds and toys frequently.
- Medicated Baths
Soothing baths with oatmeal, aloe vera, or chlorhexidine-based shampoos can relieve itching and reduce allergens on the skin. Your vet may recommend antifungal or antibacterial shampoos if secondary infections occur.
- Topical Treatments
- Sprays or ointments with hydrocortisone or aloe can relieve itching.
- Medicated wipes can clean irritated skin and prevent infections.
- Antihistamines
Over-the-counter options like cetirizine or diphenhydramine may be recommended by your vet. Note: Not all human medications are safe for dogs. Always follow veterinary advice.
- Prescription Medications
For more severe cases, your vet may prescribe:
- oclacitinib – Reduces inflammation and itching.
- Lokivetmab – An injectable antibody that targets itch-causing proteins.
- Steroids – Effective but used sparingly due to side effects.
- Antibiotics or antifungals – To treat secondary infections from excessive scratching.
- Immunotherapy (Allergy Shots)
If allergy testing identifies specific allergens, custom-made allergy injections or sublingual drops may help desensitize your dog over time. This is a long-term solution and may take months to show results.
- Dietary Supplements
Adding omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, and vitamin E to your dog’s diet can support skin health and reduce inflammation.
- Flea Prevention
Even one flea bite can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive dogs. Use regular flea prevention (oral or topical) to minimize flare-ups.
- Chronic infections
- Open wounds and sores
- Behavioral changes due to discomfort
Early treatment can prevent complications and long-term suffering.
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